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Egypt, Ethiopia, and Rwanda this year joined a growing list of African nations exploring CBDC launches. Nigeria’s eNaira wallet, integrated by some fintechs and commercial banks, shows the potential for offline services to the unbanked – although only 0.5% of Nigerians were using the eNaira within a year of its 2021 launch. Elsewhere, global pilots suggest interoperable wholesale CBDCs could offer instant cross-currency payments, an opportunity for African states to consider. A roundtable of central bank governors and financial institutions discusses how CBDCs can catalyse financial inclusion and ease cross-border payments.

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